Aid

Changing how food aid is allocated ‘may save more lives’.

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Malawi_Food_Aid_Flickr_Peter_Casier_140x140International development agencies may be able to save the lives of a greater number ofundernourished children by changing how they allocate food aid in developing countries, suggests a study published today (4 March) inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Instead of allocating food based solely on weight-for-height measurements, as is currently recommended, making use of additional ‘height-for-age’ data reduced the effects of malnutrition by nine per cent in the study.

Also, the same end results in alleviating malnutrition were achieved with the new method as with the current one but with a 61 per cent cut in the cost of providing ready-to-use therapeutic and supplementary food, the study found.

The findings are based on mathematical modelling using data from more than 5,600 children from Bwamanda in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

The study also proposes that when making crucial food allocation decisions, aid agencies should prioritise those children most in need — even if it means that others go without.

Lawrence M. Wein, professor of management science at Stanford University, United States, and the corresponding author of the study, says one of the main results is that “relative to the currently used policies, incorporating height-for-age information into the allocation decision improves performance — that is, it saves lives”.

The other key finding is that “the optimal policy is an ‘all-or-nothing’ policy where the most at-risk children receive 500 kilocalories per day and the other children receive nothing,” he says.

But because of the limited scope of the study, the authors do not make specific policy recommendations.

They call for more data that can be used to inform such pressing allocation decisions, and also highlight the scarcity of useful data on the effect of food-based treatment.

“Without better data, policymakers will continue to make these important allocation decisions in the face of very limited information,” says Wein.

However, paediatrician Patricia Wolff, executive director of US-based food aid organisation Meds & Food for Kids, argues that height-for-age is a measure of chronic rather than acute malnutrition.

“Being stunted is not related to acute risk of death, although over a lifetime a stunted person will be less healthy than a non-stunted person,” she says.

“I don’t agree that, in resource-poor environments, this stunted group has an equivalent risk-benefit ratio to those children who are low on the weight-for-height graph,” she adds.

Although wary of the benefits of including height-for-age data in food allocation decisions, Wolff admits that the proposed ‘all-or-nothing’ approach could save more lives.

“If you mean by an ‘all-or-nothing’ policy that you give the appropriate treatment resources to the sickest children first and then look around to see if you can find more resources, then I agree. First, you save lives. Second, you optimise health,” she says.

Source: SciVx

 

Adolescents map HIV risks, part of a holistic approach to treating HIV/AIDS in Haiti.

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From 22 to 27 July, experts are gathering in Washington, D.C., for the International AIDS Society’s biennial conference on rolling back the HIV and AIDS epidemic. UNICEF has hosted a leadership forum stressing the need for innovation in eliminating new HIV infections in children. This story is part of a series illustrating UNICEF’s efforts on behalf of children and women affected by HIV.

By Jean Panel Fanfan

PORT-AU-PRINCE, Haiti, 25 July 2012 – Before an earthquake devastated Haiti in 2010, the country’s HIV and AIDS response focused largely on treatment, care and support – with much less attention given to preventing the spread of the virus.

Today, however, even as Haiti still struggles to recover from the quake, there is agreement that HIV and AIDS must be addressed through a holistic approach that includes prevention. Services for people affected by the epidemic are growing both more reliable and more widely available, but programmes responding to the special vulnerability of young people to infection – particularly adolescents – must be scaled up.

Haiti’s HIV prevalence rate is 1.9 per cent among adults aged 15 to 49. The population is young, with 33 per cent of Haitians between 10 and 24 years old, and vulnerabilities to HIV for young people abound, particularly in the slums and camps of Port-au-Prince.

Putting risk on the map

In partnership with two local organizations, GHESKIO and the National Office against Violence (ONAVC), UNICEF is taking on the challenge of identifying places where adolescents and young people are at increased risk of contracting HIV. Together, they are engaged in a mapping initiative in two communities in Port-au-Prince that is intended to reveal the obstacles that keep vulnerable adolescents – particularly girls – from gaining access to HIV prevention services.

The project’s results will be used to increase adolescents’ and young people’s use of HIV, sexual and reproductive health-related services. By engaging these groups with mapping technology, the initiative empowers youth to effectively advocate for addressing issues in their communities.

 

In July, 24 adolescents from the low-income communities of Cité Plus and Village de Dieu took part in a four-day training. They learned about HIV risks, modes of transmission and prevention methods, and received instruction in the UNICEF-GIS innovative digital mapping platform developed by UNICEF, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the Innovative Support to Emergencies, Diseases and Disasters (INSTEDD). During the workshop, the adolescents collected preliminary data using mobile phones to map geographic locations for each identified risk related to HIV and AIDS.

Twelve facilitators were also trained to assist the mapping team. The data collection process is expected to take three months, culminating in the production of a digital map for distribution to local authorities. Officials will use that information to improve access to, and uptake and quality of, HIV and sexual and reproductive health services for adolescents.

‘We still have a lot to do’

Haiti’s Secretary of State for Youth and Civic Action, Francener Thélusma, was present during the launch of the initiative and expressed his support. “Our role is to support our partners in this initiative to strengthen it,” he said. “The statistics on HIV/AIDS show that we still have a lot to do. It is our responsibility to develop strategies to facilitate positive efforts like the present undertaken by UNICEF.”  He also asked the adolescent mappers to take measures to protect themselves against HIV.

Rhazi Koné, a member of UNICEF’s social and civic media team, directed the training sessions. “UNICEF has, in recent years, introduced an equity-focused use of digital tools to communicate, engage and build the capacity of vulnerable youth in several countries. This is indeed a new and exciting approach to youth communication, advocacy and community development,” he said. “It promotes dialogue between communities as well as governments and organizations to create a more child-friendly environment.”

One 16-year old participant, Dominique Billy Costacurta, could not hide his excitement about the prospect of learning and sharing knowledge about HIV prevention. “I will take advantage of this opportunity to inform other young people in my neighborhood about the risk of getting HIV and AIDS,” he said.

Source: UNICEF.