Sweat

Detoxifying Through Sweat: The Overlooked Role of Perspiration in Toxic Chemical Excretion

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With increasing exposure to a witches brew of toxic chemicals in our modern world, could the ancient practice of sweating offer a modern-day detoxification remedy?

With the proliferation of toxic chemicals from industrial, agricultural and consumer product sources over the past century, bioaccumulation of these toxins is an increasing health concern [1]. Blood and urine sampling are commonly used to estimate toxin exposures and body burden, but research shows sweat testing provides additional useful exposure data and suggests sweat is an important route of elimination for many toxins [2]. In short, we don’t sweat purely for thermoregulation – sweating is also part of the body’s detoxification system.  

Sweat as a Matrix for Biomonitoring Toxin Exposures

In 2010, Genuis et al. published results of the “blood, urine, and sweat” (BUS) study examining toxicant levels in these biological fluids collected from 20 individuals, 10 healthy and 10 with chronic health issues [3]. Numerous toxic elements like lead and cadmium appeared “preferentially excreted through sweat” compared to blood or urine levels, indicating, “Biomonitoring for toxic elements through blood and/or urine testing may underestimate the total body burden of such toxicants” [3]. Analyzing sweat, therefore, provides additional biomonitoring data on toxin exposures.

Preliminary research by Porucznik et al. explored using sweat patches to measure bisphenol-A (BPA) exposure as an alternative to reliance on variable urine measures given BPA’s short half-life [4]. They detected BPA in sweat patches spiked with BPA in the lab, but in their small sample of real-world patch testing, detected BPA above average background in only 3 of 50 patches worn for one week [4]. The lack of detection from patches worn on participants’ arms suggests either insufficient sweat collection from those locations or extremely low concentrations of BPA in naturally occurring sweat to allow measurement, highlighting complexities using patches to accurately capture toxins in sweat for biomonitoring [4].

Mechanisms and Efficacy of Toxin Excretion in Sweat

What enables sweat to serve as a route of elimination for accrued toxins? With heat exposure, circulation to the skin increases, delivering toxicants stored in tissues to sweat glands [3]. Lilley et al. showed with radioisotope-labeled lead applied to worker’s skin that sweat lead levels increased post-exposure even though blood and urine levels were unchanged, providing “strong evidence that the skin is capable of excreting certain heavy metals” [5]. Dermal application also increased lead in saliva, pointing to both eccrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands in the skin as toxin elimination pathways activated by sweating [5].

Studies report sweat facilitates the elimination of several potentially toxic substances. Genuis et al. found levels of lead, mercury, arsenic and cadmium elevated in sweat versus blood or urine samples in some participants [3]. Increased loss of cadmium and lead into sweat has also been associated with lower blood levels of these metals in exposed workers [6,7]. BPA and phthalates likewise appear in sweat and may preferentially accumulate in lipid-rich sweat secretions [3,8]. Sweating also enhanced excretion of persistent flame retardants and chlorinated pesticides in rescue workers and bisphenol-A in experimental trials [9,10].

For mercury, long used in mining and hatmaking, sending poisoned workers to warmer climates to “work in the heat (presumably to sweat out the ‘vapors’) was a common and effective strategy centuries ago” at reversing tremors and ulcers [11]. Modern research supports sweating as a clinically useful intervention for reducing mercury burden as well, with repeated sauna use progressively lowering mercury concentrations in a case report [12].

A 2016 study provides additional evidence that inducing sweating facilitates elimination of toxicants from the body [13]. Researchers found a variety of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and their metabolites were excreted in sweat after analyzing samples from 20 participants [13]. Sweat generally showed more frequent OCP detection and higher levels than blood or urine analysis, “suggesting that sweating may be efficacious in diminishing the body burden of many of these toxicants” [13]. The study detected DDT/DDE in nearly all participants and endosulfan in over half, indicating widespread exposure [13]. The highly lipophilic pesticides were more readily found in sweat versus blood, suggesting distribution and storage in fat tissue enables release into sweat [13]. There was little correlation between blood, urine and sweat levels for individuals, highlighting limitations of biomonitoring OCPs in just one compartment.

Induced sweating thus provides a clinical avenue to eliminate some accrued pesticides. The researchers conclude, “As DDT, DDE, DDD, methoxychlor, endosulfan sulfate, and endrin appear to be readily excreted into sweat, induced perspiration appears to be a potential clinical tool to diminish the body burden of these agents” [13]. Facilitating pesticide clearance may help prevent or mitigate health risks including metabolic, neurological, endocrine and reproductive dysfunction linked to bioaccumulation of these toxicants [13].

This study builds on prior evidence of utilizing sauna and exercise for removing OCPs as well as a range of toxic metals, phthalates, bisphenol-A, perfluorinated compounds, flame retardants and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) [13]. As people have ubiquitous low-dose exposures to diverse toxicants that may accrue over time, sweating therapies provide accessible, non-invasive detoxification approaches with minimal side effects when precautions are taken. The cumulative impact of repeated sweating sessions merits further research in conjunction with clinical outcomes assessment.

Therapeutic Considerations and Contraindications 

Sauna and exercise that induce sweating show potential as low-risk complementary treatments to mobilize and excrete accrued toxicants [3]. Adequate hydration and electrolyte intake helps offset losses in sweat. Sweating capacity may improve with regular sauna use indicating restored autonomic function [3]. However, underlying nutrient status and supplements to support detoxification pathways warrant consideration on an individualized basis [3]. For some with impaired capacity to sweat from autonomic dysfunction, skin brushing, niacin and incremental duration of heat exposure may help initiate sweating [3].

While generally well-tolerated, medical issues may contraindicate heat exposure, especially cardiovascular concerns in the elderly or those with unstable health conditions [14]. Healthcare practitioner guidance is prudent for those initiating a regimented sauna or exercise sweating protocol for health improvement.

Future Research Directions

Additional research is needed on utilizing sweat testing in biomonitoring for chemical exposures, bioaccumulation and pre/post-intervention assessments [3,4]. Robust clinical trials are also warranted to validate sweating protocols for toxin elimination and impact on disease outcomes [7]. Combination strategies like scheduling sauna use after showering post-workout or occupational exposure may hold promise and warrant further exploration as well [5]. Analyzing sweat composition and distribution factors for toxins will elucidate the mechanistic picture of sweating for detoxification to guide effective therapeutic interventions.

11 Life Hacks That Are Perfect for People Who Sweat Too Much

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You don’t always have to go with the flow.
Sweating-Hacks

The inimitable Topanga Lawrence once said, “I don’t sweat, I glisten.” That’s nice, Topanga. Opposite this Boy Meets World character on the perspiration spectrum, some people sweat too much. They might feel like giant, walking sweat glands when they’re hot, exerting themselves, or for seemingly no reason at all.

If you’re nodding in recognition, you know how annoying this can be, even though it’s a sign that your body’s trying to help you out. “We sweat to help maintain a proper core body temperature,” Joshua Zeichner, M.D., director of cosmetic and clinical research in the department of dermatology at Mount Sinai Hospital, tells SELF. “As sweat evaporates from the skin, it helps cool us down.”

However, some people sweat more than others. Dr. Zeichner says those who “sweat out of proportion to any triggers” may have a condition known as hyperhidrosis, which experts estimate affects around 3 percent of people in the United States, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. Hyperhidrosis is marked by excessive sweating that can drip off your hands, soak through your clothes, and cause a lot of angst and embarrassment.

If you’re struggling with sweating so much that it’s impacting your day-to-day life, you should see a doctor, because you may have hyperhidrosis. Either way, excessive sweating can be a pain. Here, 11 life hacks for really sweaty people, dedicated to all the non-Topangas of the world.

1. Stash underarm pads in your purse, or, in a pinch, use pantyliners.

Yes, underarm pads (sometimes called “dress shields” or “garment guards”) actually exist! They typically have adhesives on one side to stick to the underarms of your garment, then absorbent material on the other side to soak up underarm sweat. You can get garment shields for $12 at Nordstrom. And if you’re drenched with nary an underarm pad in sight, pantyliners basically do the same thing. “If you are a heavy sweater, this trick certainly can help,” Dr. Zeichner says.

2. For a big meeting or date, opt for a dark outfit made from breathable fabric.

Natural fabrics like cotton and linen allow better airflow than many synthetic options, so they can help you dry out faster, Dendy Engelman, M.D., a dermatologic surgeon in Manhattan, tells SELF. They also absorb liquid better than many other fabrics. “These will leave less obvious sweat marks, whereas [textures like] silk can show sweat more,”

Dr. Zeichner also suggests sticking to darker colors like black and navy for your sweatiest times; you’ll avoid yellow stains on clothing, and sweat stains during wear will be less noticeable. Also, if you prepare your outfit beforehand, you’ll avoid that stressful, sweat-inducing “I have nothing to wear!!!” panic and ensuing rush to get wherever you’re going.

3. Arm your ‘pits with a stronger antiperspirant.

Your underarms may appreciate an upgrade from normal antiperspirants to clinical-strength varieties. These reduce perspiration by plugging sweat ducts with higher levels of active ingredients, like aluminum chloride, than regular antiperspirants, Dr. Engelman says. (If you’re hyperhidrosis-level sweaty, your doctor can prescribe you even stronger antiperspirants with higher levels of active ingredients.)

4. Look for antiperspirant wipes to treat the rest of your body.

You can buy wipes infused with active ingredients to prevent sweating, like this $19 Dermadoctor pack from Sephora. Unlike roll-on antiperspirants, this kind of product is great for use in places like your hands and feet.

5. Sprinkle or spray absorbent powder on your feet to prevent odor.

There are specific over-the-counter powders you can buy for this purpose, like the $5 Dr. Scholl’s Odor-X powder from Target. But if you’d rather DIY this one, baby powder or talcum powder can work (and you can also apply them to your hands, if your palms sweat a ton). “The powder helps absorb sweat to minimize surface wetness,” Dr. Zeichner says. “Also, by absorbing sweat, it may help keep the feet dryer and minimize the risk of overgrowth of bacteria and fungus on the feet that can lead to a foul smell or athlete’s foot.”

6. Use specialized insoles to absorb foot sweat.

Sweaty feet don’t just feel weird. If they’re making you slide around in your shoes, they can actually be dangerous. People with hyperhidrosis sometimes rely on products like these Summer Soles insoles to sop up sweat and reduce slippage (Summer Soles’ ultra-absorbent insoles start at $8 per pair). Another tip: Fabric-lined shoes are way less slip-prone than other varieties.

7. Try baking soda to get out sweat stains.

As you probably know, sweat can sometimes leave frustrating yellows stain on light clothing. Dr. Engelman suggests mixing baking soda with warm water to form a paste (try a 2:1 ratio depending on how many items you’re treating). Rub the paste into the sweat stains until it’s as absorbed as possible, let the clothing sit for 30 to 60 minutes, then wash as usual, Dr. Engelman says.

8. Consider buying some shirts with large armpit holes.

When you can, opting for shirts that have large, roomy underarm holes can make sweating less obvious. “The air flow could help to cool you down as well,” Dr. Engelman says.

9. Or have a lightweight blazer or sweater in your desk or bag to save the day.

This comes in handy when you’ve soaked through your shirt. Of course, this only works for certain situations—if you’re sweating because you’re too hot, adding a layer won’t help, Dr. Engelman says.

10. Assemble a sweat “go bag” with supplies that you can carry around with you.

Pregnant people and apocalypse preppers have something essential in common: go bags. Join the club by making one of your own for situations when you know you’ll get really sweaty, or just to keep in your car or at your desk in general. Dr. Zeichner suggests including a change of clothes (or at least that extra blazer or sweater), powder to sop up sweat, whichever forms of deodorant and antiperspirant are most effective for you, and any of your other allies in the anti-sweat battle.

11. Keep a sweat journal to track what works to combat your sweating and what doesn’t.

You might already know exactly what triggers your sweat, plus what helps stem the tide and what doesn’t. But if not, it can be helpful to track what prompts you to get super sweaty, along with what does and doesn’t help. You may pick up on patterns you’d previously missed.

“If you notice that you sweat repeatedly during a particular time of the day or before a particular type of activity, trying a relaxation technique before may be helpful,” Dr. Zeichner says. And if you start to suspect your sweating is worth a doctor’s appointment, having a sweat journal on hand can help them figure out the absolute best way to help you get and stay dry.

Do Men Sweat More Than Women?

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You’re born with anywhere between 2 million and 4 million sweat glands, and the number of such glands will determine, in part, how much you sweat. While women generally have more sweat glands than men, it’s long been said that men’s glands tend to be more active and produce more sweat.1

men sweat more than women

Story at-a-glance

  • The widespread notion that men sweat more than women may not be accurate; differences in sweating may have much more to do with body size than they do with sex
  • A person’s sex explained no more than 5 percent of the variances in individuals’ responses to heat, including sweating
  • Smaller men and women with more surface area per kilogram of body mass tended to cool down primarily by increasing blood flow to their skin — and less so by sweating
  • Larger people, both male and female, tended to sweat more

It turns out, however, the widespread notion that men sweat more than women may not be accurate after all.

Instead, differences in sweating may have much more to do with body size than they do with sex, as researchers from the University of Wollongong in Australia and Mie Prefectural College of Nursing in Japan revealed that a person’s sex explained no more than 5 percent of the variances in individuals’ responses to heat, including sweating.2

Body Shape and Size May Dictate How Your Body Cools Off

To understand the new study findings, it helps to first be aware of the two primary ways your body cools itself down: sweating and increasing circulation to your skin’s surface. You don’t get to consciously choose which route your body turns to when it starts to heat up, so what’s the determining factor in which method your body favors?

Researchers conducted a study with 24 men and 36 women who took part in two trials, one involving light exercise and the other moderate exercise.3

The workouts were performed at just over 82 degrees F (28 degrees C) and 36 percent humidity, which are conditions at which the body can successfully regulate its temperature using one of the two methods mentioned.4,5

Body temperature changes were the same in all participants, male or female; however, smaller men and women with more surface area per kilogram of body mass tended to cool down primarily by increasing blood flow to their skin — and less so by sweating.6

On the other hand, larger people, both male and female, tended to sweat more.7According to the study, which was published in the journal Experimental Physiology:8

“Gender is sometimes thought to independently modulate cutaneous vasomotor and sudomotor [sweat glands] function during heat exposure.

Nevertheless, it was hypothesized that, when assessed during compensable exercise that evoked equal heat-loss requirements across participants, gender differences in those thermoeffectors would be explained by variations in the ratio between body surface area and mass (specific surface area).

… It was concluded that, when assessed during compensable exercise, gender differences in thermoeffector function were largely morphologically determined, rather than being gender dependent.”

Past Research Has Hinted at Sex Differences in Sweating

The featured study adds a new perspective to the science of sweating, but it’s far from the only one. Multiple previous studies have suggested that a person’s sex does appear to play a role in temperature regulation during heat stress (i.e, exercise).

One review concluded, “… [O]bservations clearly establish sex differences in sudomotor activity during exercise, independently of differences in physical characteristics and rate of metabolic heat production.”9 Those findings suggested women may have a lower maximal sweat rate during exercise.

Another intriguing study looked into sweating rates not only among men and women, but among men and women of different fitness levels (trained versus untrained). The participants exercised on stationary bikes in an 86-degree F room and gradually increased exercise intensity as the workout went on (for a total of one hour).10

While the fit men sweat the most, they did so using a similar number of active sweat glands as the fit women, but the women produced less sweat from each gland. In contrast, the unfit women sweat the least and faced rising body temperatures before finally sweating at full capacity.11

Study author Yoshimitsu Inoue, Ph.D., a professor of physiology at Osaka International University, told The New York Times:12

“It appears that women are at a disadvantage when they need to sweat a lot during exercise in hot conditions … 

[The] lower sweat loss in women may be an adaptation strategy that attaches great importance [to preserving body fluids] for survival [while] the higher sweat rate of men may be an adaptation strategy for greater efficiency of action or labor.”

What Else Influences How Much You Sweat?

Everyone is different in how much sweat is released as a result of rising temperatures. Overweight people tend to sweat more than those who are a healthy weight, which lends more credence to the featured study’s findings that body size plays a role.

Beyond this physical characteristic, your levels of stress and anxiety also influence sweating.

Even in cases of hyperhidrosis, which is the medical term for excessive sweating, the sweating tends to be worse when you’re under stress and is thought to be triggered by your body’s stress response. Johns Hopkins pediatrician Dr. Kate Puttgen told Medical Daily:13

“The cause of primary focal hyperhidrosis is not well understood but is thought to originate from overactivity of the sympathetic ‘fight-or-flight’ nervous system sending aberrant signals to the major sweat glands of the body.”

Drinking alcohol and smoking can trigger sweating, as can too much caffeine.14Medical conditions, such as hypothyroidism, can also influence sweating. Hypothyroidism is a very common cause of inability to sweat (also known as anhidrosis or hypohidrosis) in women.

While this may sound like a good thing, it can be life threatening, and those affected are at increased risk of heat exhaustion and heat stroke.15 On the other hand, diabetes, gout, hyperthyroidism, Parkinson’s disease and heart failure are examples of medical conditions that can lead to excessive sweating.16

Do You Know About the Two Types of Sweat Glands?

You have two different types of sweat glands: eccrine sweat glands, which are distributed over your entire body, and apocrine sweat glands, located on your scalp, armpits and genital area. The primary purpose of eccrine glands is to regulate your body temperature.

As your body temperature rises, your body will automatically perspire to release salty liquid from your sweat glands to help cool you down. This is controlled by your autonomic nervous system, which you cannot consciously control. According to the International Hyperhidrosis Society:17

“Sweat is essential to human survival because it serves as the body’s coolant, getting rid of excess body heat (produced by your metabolism and working muscles) and protecting you from overheating. In fact, even people who don’t have hyperhidrosis are constantly sweating; they just might not notice it.

Whenever your body temperature begins to increase, your autonomic nervous system stimulates your eccrine sweat glands (the average person has 2.6 million of them) to secrete fluid onto the surface of your skin. As this fluid (called perspiration or sweat) evaporates, your body starts to cool down. Under normal circumstances, a single pea-sized bead of sweat can cool nearly 1 liter (about 1 quart) of blood by 1 degree Fahrenheit.”

The Emotional Side of Sweating

Certain emotions, such as anxiety, anger, embarrassment or fear, can prompt you to sweat more. This — your emotions — is a prime trigger of sweat from your apocrine glands. These glands, by the way, also produce bacteria to break down the sweat, and this process causes body odor.

This is why body odor comes primarily from under your arms — not so much from the sweat that forms on your chest or arms, for instance. In addition, sweat produced from exercise or overheating is made up primarily of water and salt. Sweat produced when you’re stressed also contains water and salt, along with fatty substances and proteins, which interact with bacteria leading to a distinct odor.

Interestingly, people can detect the difference between stress sweat and exercise sweat — and may even change their perception of you because of it. In one study published in the journal PLOS One, men who sniffed women’s stress sweat rated them as less confident, trustworthy and competent.18

Why Sweating Is Good for You

Sweating is an essential element of keeping your body temperature regulated, but it offers benefits even beyond that. Sweating acts as an important route of detoxification, including helping to excrete toxic metals like arsenic, lead and mercury.19 It’s been used since ancient times as part of worldwide traditions, from Roman baths and Scandinavian saunas to Aboriginal sweat lodges. Researchers writing in the Journal of Environmental and Public Health explained:20

“Sweating with heat and/or exercise has been viewed throughout the ages, by groups worldwide, as ‘cleansing’ … Sweating offers potential and deserves consideration, to assist with removal of toxic elements from the body.

… Sweating is not only observed to enhance excretion of the toxic elements of interest in this paper, but also may increase excretion of diverse toxicants, as observed in New York rescue workers, or in particular persistent flame retardants and bisphenol-A … Optimizing the potential of sweating as a therapeutic excretory mechanism merits further research.”

The researchers noted the following promising roles of sweat in detoxification:

  • Sweat may be an important route for excretion of cadmium when an individual is exposed to high levels
  • Sweat-inducing sauna use might provide a therapeutic method to increase elimination of toxic trace metals
  • Sweating should be the initial and preferred treatment of patients with elevated mercury urine levels

How Much Sweating Is ‘Normal?’

What’s normal for you may be abnormal for someone else, so it’s hard to pinpoint a “normal” amount of sweating. That being said, many people make efforts to sweat less when in reality they should be taking advantage of opportunities to sweat more.

The use of antiperspirants, which use antimicrobial agents to kill bacteria and other ingredients such as aluminum to block your sweat glands, is one such example that should be avoided (washing with soap and water should be enough to keep the area odor-free). On the other hand, breaking a sweat while you exercise is one reason why physical activity is good for you.

While virtually any type of intense exercise will lead to sweating, exercising in warm temperatures (or in a heated room, such as in Bikram yoga) will create even more sweating. As noted, if you’re fit, your body will sweat earlier and easier. Many people frown on this but it’s actually a benefit, because the sooner you start sweating the sooner your body cools down, and this allows you to continue exercising harder and longer.

You can also induce sweating via a sauna, either traditional or infrared. Infrared saunas are a great option and can significantly expedite the detoxification process. Hyperthemic conditioning, or “acclimating yourself to heat independent of aerobic physical activity through sauna use,” appears to also lead to earlier and easier sweating, similar to being fit.21

If you’re concerned that your level of sweating isn’t “normal” — either too much or too little — make an appointment with a holistic health care provider to rule out any potential underlying medical conditions.

What does excessive sweat mean? It can be a sign

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With the dog days of summer in full swing, there are no two ways about it: it’s hot outside, and that means people sweat. Still, as gross as sweat can be, it’s actually a vital part of our lives. The 2.6 million sweat glands in the human body work hard to get us to chill out, but most people don’t know that sweating can also be an indicator of several health-related issues.

Here are the main ways that sweat can be trying to tell you something important about your body!

1. You’re stressed.

 

As it turns out, stress sweat comes from entirely different glands than heat sweat! Not only that: stress sweat is actually called apocrine sweat, and it’s thicker and smellier than normal sweat. So if you start to feel the heat, it might be time to relax a little.

2. You could be pregnant…or in menopause.

Shifting hormones in your body can cause your endocrine system to go haywire. This means that your body can get sweaty and hot out of nowhere. These hot flashes can be a sign of pregnancy or menopause.

3. You’re dehydrated.

 

If your sweat is stinging your eyes or leaving residue on your skin, it could be a sign of dehydration. You should drink more water to balance out the salty sweat.

4. You’re nearing heatstroke.

 

Sweat is designed to hep you cool down and avoid heatstroke, but if you suddenly stopsweating and feel nauseous…watch out! This could mean that your body is exhausted and its resources have been allocated to reactions other than sweat. If this happens, find help, water, and shade ASAP.

5. You have hyperhidrosis.

 

Hyperhidrosis is a condition that causes excess sweating. It’s characterized by parts of the body sweating even after activity has stopped, and it’s particularly focused in the palms, feet, and head.

6. You need to change your diet.

 

This is for those who find themselves smelling a weird, fishy odor when they sweat a lot. It could be a sign that your body is having trouble breaking down trimethylamine, and you may want to talk to your doctor about changing your diet.

7. You might have a serious medical emergency.

 

Sweating, particularly when not doing strenuous activity, could be a sign of heart issues. If this is happening to you, you may want to see your doctor.

Who knew that sweat could tell you so much about your body? With how hot it is outside these days, it’s as important as ever to stay informed and be safe!

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Why do you sweat more than everyone else?

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Your fitness regime could be to blame.

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Humans are preconditioned to sweat. When it gets hot we sweat to cool ourselves down. Simple. Well, not quite – there are many reasons why you might sweat more or less than your friend at the gym, but there are things you can do to dry yourself out a little.

Firstly, your gender plays a role. Women have more sweat glands, but sweat less than men. Secondly, this is probably not surprising to many of you, but fitness also determines how much you sweat. And it’s not the unfit people who are sweating more – multiple studies have shown that fitter people on average sweat more than unfit people.

But this isn’t the whole story. An unfit person doing the same workload as a fit person might reach their maximum oxygen uptake earlier, and so begin to sweat sooner, but a fit person will sweat more efficiently overall.

Another factor that can affects our sweat levels is how we consume our favourite drinks: coffee and alcohol. Coffee actually causes to you sweat less due to its diuretic effect, but sweating less and being dehydrated isn’t exactly ideal either, so make sure to drink plenty of water if you’re going to be sweating it out at the gym or spending time outside a hot day.

Alcohol can also make you sweat more after you’ve had a few cocktails. That red face some of us get when we’re drinking is caused by the alcohol increasing your heart rate and dilating the blood vessels in your skin. This leads to an increase in body temperature and then an increase in sweat.

Even if none of these things apply, some people are just sweaty. If the sweat is excessive though, it could be a sign of an underlying illness. The collective term for excessive sweating is hyperhidrosis, and there are two types – primary focal hyperhidrosis and secondary generalised hyperhidrosis.

Secondary generalised hyperhidrosis is excessive sweating caused by a medical condition, or a side effect from certain medications. Some people sweat on a generalised level, which means in large areas or all over their body.

Primary focal hyperhidrosis, on the other hand, is excessive sweating not caused by any external factors. When it comes to these patients, some areas on the body are affected more than others. Common sweaty areas for people affected by primary focal hyperhidrosis are the hands, feet, underarms, and head. Patients will often have more than one excessively sweaty area – people dealing with crazy sweaty hands almost always having crazy sweaty feet.

But no matter why we sweat, it helps keep our bodies cool, so although it might be slightly unpleasant, your body will thank you for suffering through it. Just remember to always pack an extra shirt – just in case.

Measuring Your Sweat, A Health Monitor And Diagnostic Device Is The Future Of Wearable Technology

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Scientists are creating a wearable gadget that stimulates and collects sweat via a patch the size of a band-aid, and then analyzes it using your smartphone. 

Sweat, the cooling system of your body, is made almost completely of water, with tiny amounts of other chemicals, including ammonia, urea, salts, and sugar. Remarkably, these chemicals along with the small molecules and peptides they contain can reveal what is going on inside your body. For this reason, scientists are trying to harness sweat through some form of wearable technology and turn it into a new way to measure and monitor your immediate health. “Sweat contains a trove of medical information and can provide it in almost real time,” wrote Dr. Jason Heikenfeld, associate professor of electronic and computing systems, University of Cincinnati, in an article for IEEE Spectrum.

Since, well, nearly forever doctors have been extracting fluids from our bodies in order to evaluate some aspect of our health. How many blood tests, urine tests, or saliva tests have you undergone in your life? For some time now, researchers have been exploring ideas and technologies that might continuously monitor a given biomarker and so open a window on the status of our overall health, in the manner, say, of a diabetic who daily tests her blood sugar levels. Because of its non-invasive (and therefore painless) possibilities, Heikenfeld and his co-researchers began to focus their efforts on using sweat as fuel.

Specifically, Heikenfeld envisions a wearable gadget that stimulates and collects sweat via a patch about the size of a band-aid, and then analyzes it using your smartphone. “Sweat is a vastly untapped biofluid for human performance monitoring,” said Heikenfeld’s collaborator, Dr. Joshua Hagen of the Air Force Research Laboratory, which funds the research.

What would this technology offer? According to Heikenfeld and Hagen, the new gadget would help us map the effects of our lifestyle choices on our immediate health while revealing, possibly, the unseen onset of cancer. The device could monitor heat stress in firefighters and fatigue in first responders. Taking a new prescription drug? Whether during a clinical study or after approval, the gadget could determine our response time and possible side effects in patients. With a complementary tool, paramedics might understand a patient’s condition in short order and then perform as necessary… or quickly diagnose a concussion in a backyard football player.

The value from the perspective of the Air Force is also clear. After investing millions in a fighter jet, a technology to monitor and improve the alertness and cognitive function of its pilot is the natural next step. In particular, the Air Force is hoping the device will be able to accurately measure cytokine biomarkers, as a determination of a pilot’s stress level, and to measure neuropeptide biomarkers, such as Orexin-A, to understand alertness levels and general brain states.

While there’s a good deal of work ahead, Heikenfeld’s lab is refining a patch that includes secure Bluetooth communication, data storage, and a small microcontroller to help conduct signals from the electronic sensors on the patch. In the meantime, a simple physical-exertion sensor patch, created for athletes and measuring only electrolyte imbalances causing dehydration, could appear on the market as early as 2015.