A 35-year-old Libyan woman was referred to us from another institution with the diagnosis of massive pericardial effusion and pericardial tamponade.

On admission to us, she was hypotensive, tachycardic and tachypnoeic. Electrocardiography showed unspecific low QRS voltage and ST-T segment flattening. Chest x-ray showed cardiomegaly. We did an emergency pericardial aspiration which yielded 1500 ml of yellow coloured fluid. A transthoracic echocardiogrm showed multiple cystic formations approximately 1·5—2 cm within the pericardial cavity), and confirmed the need for surgery. We did a standard median sternotomy and thoroughly irrigated the pericardium with hypertonic saline; multiple cysts were removed from the pericardium (figures B and C). Our patient was diagnosed with a ruptured intrapericardial hydatid cyst and pericardial tamponade. We established the diagnosis based on the gross appearance of the removed cysts, the echocardiogram results, and a high ESR. Hydatid disease is endemic in Libya, a southern Mediterranean country. Serological tests were not available. After surgery she was treated with oral albendazole for 12 days. She recovered well and was discharged 12 days after surgery. Pericardial tamponade due to hydatid disease is a rare condition that has been seldom reported in the literature.

Source: Lancet