N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide

Riociguat for the Treatment of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension.

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BACKGROUND

Riociguat, a member of a new class of compounds (soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators), has been shown in previous clinical studies to be beneficial in the treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

METHODS

In this phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we randomly assigned 261 patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension or persistent or recurrent pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary endarterectomy to receive placebo or riociguat. The primary end point was the change from baseline to the end of week 16 in the distance walked in 6 minutes. Secondary end points included changes from baseline in pulmonary vascular resistance, N-terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level, World Health Organization (WHO) functional class, time to clinical worsening, Borg dyspnea score, quality-of-life variables, and safety.

RESULTS

By week 16, the 6-minute walk distance had increased by a mean of 39 m in the riociguat group, as compared with a mean decrease of 6 m in the placebo group (least-squares mean difference, 46 m; 95% confidence interval [CI], 25 to 67; P<0.001). Pulmonary vascular resistance decreased by 226 dyn·sec·cm–5 in the riociguat group and increased by 23 dyn·sec·cm–5 in the placebo group (least-squares mean difference, –246 dyn·sec·cm–5; 95% CI, –303 to –190; P<0.001). Riociguat was also associated with significant improvements in the NT-proBNP level (P<0.001) and WHO functional class (P=0.003). The most common serious adverse events were right ventricular failure (in 3% of patients in each group) and syncope (in 2% of the riociguat group and in 3% of the placebo group).

CONCLUSIONS

Riociguat significantly improved exercise capacity and pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

Source: NEJM

 

Riociguat for the Treatment of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension.

Posted by

0


BACKGROUND

Riociguat, a member of a new class of compounds (soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators), has been shown in previous clinical studies to be beneficial in the treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

METHODS

In this phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we randomly assigned 261 patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension or persistent or recurrent pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary endarterectomy to receive placebo or riociguat. The primary end point was the change from baseline to the end of week 16 in the distance walked in 6 minutes. Secondary end points included changes from baseline in pulmonary vascular resistance, N-terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level, World Health Organization (WHO) functional class, time to clinical worsening, Borg dyspnea score, quality-of-life variables, and safety.

RESULTS

By week 16, the 6-minute walk distance had increased by a mean of 39 m in the riociguat group, as compared with a mean decrease of 6 m in the placebo group (least-squares mean difference, 46 m; 95% confidence interval [CI], 25 to 67; P<0.001). Pulmonary vascular resistance decreased by 226 dyn·sec·cm–5 in the riociguat group and increased by 23 dyn·sec·cm–5 in the placebo group (least-squares mean difference, –246 dyn·sec·cm–5; 95% CI, –303 to –190; P<0.001). Riociguat was also associated with significant improvements in the NT-proBNP level (P<0.001) and WHO functional class (P=0.003). The most common serious adverse events were right ventricular failure (in 3% of patients in each group) and syncope (in 2% of the riociguat group and in 3% of the placebo group).

CONCLUSIONS

Riociguat significantly improved exercise capacity and pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

Source: NEJM

 

New Novartis Phase II data show LCZ696 may provide clinical benefits in patients with a difficult-to-treat form of heart failure.

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  • PARAMOUNT study shows LCZ696 reduced a key predictor of morbidity and mortality in patients with a common form of heart failure called HF-PEF[1],[2]  
  • Up to half of the 20 million Europeans and Americans diagnosed with heart failure have HF-PEF[3]-[5], leading to reduced life expectancy and frequent hospitalization[4]-[6]  
  • No therapies are currently approved to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with HF-PEF, or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction[5]-[7]
  • Phase III PARADIGM-HF study currently investigating LCZ696 in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF), the other common form of heart failure 

 

Novartis today announced results from the Phase II PARAMOUNT study showing that the investigational compound LCZ696 is the first therapy to significantly reduce a key predictor of morbidity and mortality in patients with a condition called heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF)[1],[2]. This difficult-to-treat disease affects up to half of the 20 million people with heart failure in Europe and the US [3]-[5]. The data were presented at the ESC Congress 2012 (European Society of Cardiology) in Munich, Germany[1], and published simultaneously in The Lancet[2].

 

The results show that after 12 weeks, LCZ696 met its primary endpoint by reducing NT-proBNP[*] – a marker of stress on the heart and a predictor of patient outcomes – significantly more than valsartan[1],[2]. The data also suggest that LCZ696 may reverse some structural changes to the heart[1],[2] that occur in patients with heart failure[8].

 

[*]N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide

 

“These Phase II results show that this novel treatment approach has the potential to reduce stress to the heart and to reduce enlargement of the left atrium of the heart, which occurs in patients with heart failure,” said Dr Scott Solomon, Professor of Medicine at Harvard University and Director of Noninvasive Cardiology at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, USA. “So far no treatment has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with HF-PEF. The favorable effects seen in this study are encouraging, and further testing of LCZ696 is warranted in this patient population.”

 

Heart failure (HF) is a disease in which the heart is unable to supply enough blood to meet the body’s needs[7],[8]. There are two common types: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF) [7],[8]. In patients with HF-PEF, the percentage of blood pumped out of the heart (also called the ejection fraction) remains within the normal range, but the heart does not relax enough to pump effectively[5],[7],[9]. This results in structural changes that progressively weaken the heart leading to a range of debilitating symptoms. Patients with HF-PEF also commonly have other conditions such as hypertension, diabetes and atrial fibrillation[7],[8].

 

“The results of the PARAMOUNT study are promising for patients with HF-PEF as there is no effective treatment currently available,” said Tim Wright, Global Head of Development, Novartis Pharma. “We believe that thanks to its novel mode of action and these positive study results, LCZ696 could significantly benefit people living with chronic heart failure. These results support our commitment to heart failure patients at every stage of their disease through our ongoing program of clinical trials.”

 

Heart failure affects an estimated 20 million people in Europe and the US[3], and kills around half of all patients within five years of diagnosis[10],[11] as they suffer acute episodes in which their symptoms suddenly become worse and urgent hospital treatment is needed[5],[7]. Patients suffer fatigue, shortness of breath and swollen limbs[5],[7],[8], limiting their ability to complete everyday tasks and placing an ever greater burden on caregivers. Not only does heart failure have a severe impact on patients, but it also represents a major economic burden for healthcare providers[12].

 

LCZ696 is the first in a new class of medicines called angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs)[13]. It works in a different way to existing heart failure treatments by inhibiting an enzyme (neprilysin, or NEP) in order to promote the body’s protective mechanisms, and blocking receptors involved in the narrowing of blood vessels (angiotensin receptors)[13]. LCZ696 therefore acts simultaneously on two important pathways in the development of the disease[13].

 

The PARAMOUNT study showed that after 12 weeks of treatment, reduction in NT-proBNP was 23% greater with LCZ696 than valsartan (p=0.005)[1],[2]. In addition, there was a greater reduction (p=0.003) in left atrial size (cardiac remodeling) in LCZ696-treated patients at the end of the 36-week study[1],[2]. This suggests that LCZ696 could provide an effective treatment for patients with HF-PEF. The study also showed that LCZ696 had an acceptable safety profile and was well tolerated in patients with HF-PEF[1],[2].

 

LCZ696 is one of several compounds being developed by Novartis across the spectrum of heart failure. In addition to HF-PEF, LCZ696 is also being investigated for the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF) in the Phase III PARADIGM-HF study[14]. A recent Phase II study also showed that LCZ696 is more effective than valsartan in reducing blood pressure[15], and a Phase III program has been launched for the first-line treatment of hypertension in Asia.

 

PARAMOUNT was an international 36-week, randomized, double-blind, multicenter, parallel group, active-controlled study to compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerability profile of LCZ696 with valsartan in patients with HF-PEF[1],[2]. The study consisted of a 12-week core study and a 24-week extension phase[1],[2]. The study included 301 patients (mean age 71 years) with HF-PEF (left ventricular ejection fraction >45%)[1],[2]. They all had elevated NT-proBNP (>400 pg/ml) and at least one of the following symptoms of HF-PEF: shortness of breath on exertion, shortness of breath when lying flat, episodes of shortness of breath at night, and swollen ankles[1],[2]. After stopping any treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), they were randomized to LCZ696 (50 mg twice-daily) or valsartan (40 mg twice-daily), an ARB indicated for heart failure[1],[2]. Doses of both drugs were doubled after one week and doubled again after a further week to a maximum dose of 200 mg and 160 mg twice-daily, respectively[1],[2].

Source: Novartis Newsletter.