Patient Turned Researcher Helps Advance Understanding of Brain Tumors


Interested in seeing images of his brain, Steven Keating, currently a graduate student at the MIT Media Lab, volunteered for a research study while attending school in Canada in 2007. When researchers returned his brain scans, they delivered some startling news.

“The researchers told me I had an abnormality near the smell center in my brain, but that lots of people have abnormalities and I shouldn’t be alarmed,” says Steven. However, as a precaution, researchers advised Steven to get his brain re-scanned in a few years.

Brain tumor patient turned researcher

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Steven’s next set of brain scans, performed in 2010, showed no changes. But in July 2014, he started smelling a strange vinegar scent for about 30 seconds each day. He immediately had his brain scanned and learned that the strange smell was associated with small seizures due to the presence of a brain tumor called a glioma. Steven’s glioma had grown to the size of a baseball.

Steven met with E. Antonio Chiocca, MD, PhD, chair of the Department of Neurosurgery at Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH), who performed image-guided brain surgery on Steven last summer in BWH’s Advanced Multimodality Image Guided Operating (AMIGO) suite.

Since his surgery, Steven has gone through rounds of proton radiation and chemotherapy. He began another round of chemotherapy at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in February 2015. Steven says he is extremely grateful for his care team, including Chiocca; Patrick Wen, MD, director of the Center for Neuro-Oncology at Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center; Keith Ligon, MD, PhD, a neuropathologist at Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women’s; and Helen Alice Shih, MD, associate medical director of the Francis H. Burr Proton Therapy Center at Massachusetts General Hospital.

Ever curious, Steven asked to have his surgery videotaped and his genome sequenced, and this information was used to print 3-D models of his brain and tumor. He also has been working with Chiocca and others on 3-D printing research and has given various talks and presentations about his work and his patient experience. Most recently, Steven was invited to the White House for discussions on the importance of allowing patients to have access to their health data.

Chiocca said it has been wonderful working with Steven, both as a patient and researcher. While it’s pretty rare that patients ask for their surgery to be filmed, he said it is valuable for them to participate in the research side of their care when possible.

“It is very easy for a patient to become depressed by their disease,” says Chiocca. “But Steven’s approach of being actively involved to raise consciousness and funding for more research for this type of tumor is remarkable. I’m just so proud to have been involved in his care.”

A Ship in the Bottle.


In a standard animal used to test cancer therapies, tumors grow right under the skin where they can be easily accessed and monitored. But Alex Bagley wanted to test the ability of gold nanorods to shrink tumors when exposed to light in a clinically relevant model of ovarian cancer, with tumors deep in the abdomen. He worked with ATWAI director Scott Malstrom, PhD, to develop a strategy.

They approached Sam Hill, a bio-optical engineer in the MIT Media Lab, who developed a flexible fiberoptic mesh that conforms to the contours of the abdomen. They can curl up the mesh between tweezers and slide it through a small incision in the abdomen of a mouse. Upon removing the tweezers, the mesh unfurls like a ship in a bottle – or like heart valve devices deployed by cardiologists. Light emanating off the surface of the mesh into the cavity will heat up the nanorod-filled tumors (bypassing the inefficiency of shining the light through energy-absorbing skin).

Malstrom is now using MRI and image analysis to see how the light spreads through the abdomen and whether it is sufficient for therapeutically heating the tumors. Eventually, he will use imaging technologies to monitor whether the technique reduces the tumor burden in mice with ovarian cancer.

In anticipation that it will, the team also consulted with Gary S. Rogers, MD, a practicing surgeon at Tufts University School of Medicine, from day one. Bagley says, “We wanted to ensure that the engineering would be guided with the future patients in mind.”

Source: MIT