hypertension risk

Migraine, severe headache history associated with hypertension risk

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U.S. adults who reported a history of migraine or severe headache were 25% more likely to develop hypertension compared with those with no migraine history, with a higher risk for women vs. men, researchers reported.

“Elevated blood pressure is more frequently detected in patients with headaches during admission to the emergency department than in those without headaches,” Jing Zhang, MBBS, PhD, of the department of cardiology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China, and colleagues wrote in the study background. “Migraineurs also tend to have a higher risk of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. In addition, several BP-lowering drugs, including beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers, have been demonstrated to be effective in the prophylactic treatment of migraine. Collectively, these findings provide a rationale for elucidating the association between migraine and hypertension.”

Graphical depiction of data presented in article
U.S. adults who reported a history of migraine or severe headache were 25% more likely to develop hypertension vs. those with no migraine history, with a higher risk for women vs. men.
Data were derived from Zhang J, et al. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2022;doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2022.11.014.

In a cross-sectional study, Zhang and colleagues analyzed data from 5,716 adults who completed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 1999 and 2004. Self-reported migraine was identified from yes/no responses to the question, “Has a doctor ever said that you suffer or have suffered from migraine or severe headache?” Researchers assessed the association between migraines, severe headaches and hypertension.

Within the cohort, 19.8% of respondents reported migraine or severe headaches. Participants with migraine were predominantly younger women and had a higher BMI, lower education level and lower dietary intake of potassium and calcium compared with participants without migraine. Those reporting migraines also had lower serum levels of total cholesterol, creatinine and hemoglobin, as well as a higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (P for all < .05).

After adjustment for potential confounders, a history of migraine or severe headaches was positively associated with hypertension (OR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.03-1.53).

In subgroup analyses, positive associations between migraine or severe headache and hypertension were detected in women (OR = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.07-1.82), those with a lower BMI, defined as 25 kg/m2 or less (OR = 1.51; 95% CI, 1.09-2.08) and those without diabetes (OR = 1.27; 95% CI, 1.05-1.55). However, there was no statistically significant association among migraine, severe headache and hypertension across all subgroup characteristics.

The researchers noted that the association of migraine with hypertension may differ between patients with or without aura and between patients with different headache frequencies.

“Further prospective and mechanistic studies are needed to elucidate the causality of these associations,” the researchers wrote.

Short evening sleep, longer midday napping may increase hypertension risk

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Middle-aged and older adults who sleep less than 6 hours per day and take longer midday naps are more likely to develop hypertension and CVD, with slight variations for men vs. women, researchers reported.

“Siesta is a prevalent lifestyle in many countries, including China, and according to the data from [the] Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 39.3% of Chinese adults aged 15 to 69 years take siesta regularly and the rate of siesta was the highest among people aged 60 to 69 years,” Ling Lin, MM, of the department of emergency nursing at Fujian Medical University Union Hospital in Fuzhou, China, and colleagues wrote in the study background. “Too long [a] siesta may decrease the sleep duration at night and affect the total sleep duration of people, indicating that the percentage of siesta in the total sleep duration may be associated with the risk of hypertension or CVD. Whether the ratio of siesta duration in the total sleep duration was associated with the occurrence of hypertension or CVD was still unclear.”

Sleep_clock_Adobe_132818449
Middle-aged and older adults who sleep less than 6 hours per day and take longer midday naps are more likely to develop hypertension and CVD, with slight variations for men vs. women.
Source: Adobe Stock

Longitudinal sleep data

Lin and colleagues analyzed data from 7,604 middle‐aged and older adults with sleep data and without hypertension or CVD at baseline, using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database, a nationally representative longitudinal survey conducted in mainland China between June 2011 and March 2012. Median follow-up was 6.5 years; participants were followed for up to 3 years with questionnaires, with follow-up discontinued when an outcome event (hypertension or CVD) was observed. Researchers assessed associations of siesta and siesta ratio with incidence of hypertension and CVD.

The findings were published in Clinical Cardiology.

At the end of follow-up, 2,075 participants had hypertension and 986 participants had CVD.

Researchers found that, compared with a sleep duration of 6 to 8 hours, total sleep duration of less than 6 hours was associated with increased risk for hypertension, with an OR of 1.168 (95% CI, 1.023-1.335). A siesta ratio of at least 0.4 was similarly associated with hypertension risk, with an OR of 1.712 (95% CI, 1.129-2.594).

Sex-based differences in sleep time, CV risk

Among men aged 60 years and older, a siesta ratio of at least 0.4 was associated with higher risk for hypertension, whereas a total sleep duration of less than 6 hours was correlated with elevated risk for hypertension in men younger than 60 years.

Participants with a siesta duration of less than 30 minutes were more likely to develop CVD (OR = 2.053; 95% CI, 1.323-3.185). Among women aged 60 years and older, a sleep duration of less than 6 hours at night was associated with increased risk of CVD, whereas a siesta duration of less than 30 minutes and sleep duration of less than 6 hours at night was associated with CVD risk among women younger than 60 years.

“A longer daytime nap may lead to the elevation of evening cortisol levels and then increase the blood pressure levels,” the researchers wrote. “A high ratio of siesta suggested a long duration of siesta and a shorter duration of the sleep at night. The mechanisms of these might be because a longer duration of siesta may result in insomnia or low quality of sleep at night. Increasing studies indicated that a better night sleep is essential for the health of people.”

The researchers noted that the findings might provide a reference for midday napping and total sleep duration in people aged 45 years and older and said longer sleep at night vs. midday napping may be recommended.

The findings follow similar research published in July in Hypertension. As Healio previously reported, adults who reported taking frequent daily naps had greater risk for essential hypertension and stroke compared with those who never or rarely nap, likely due to poor sleep at night.

Short evening sleep, longer midday napping may increase hypertension risk

Posted by

0


Middle-aged and older adults who sleep less than 6 hours per day and take longer midday naps are more likely to develop hypertension and CVD, with slight variations for men vs. women, researchers reported.

“Siesta is a prevalent lifestyle in many countries, including China, and according to the data from [the] Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 39.3% of Chinese adults aged 15 to 69 years take siesta regularly and the rate of siesta was the highest among people aged 60 to 69 years,” Ling Lin, MM, of the department of emergency nursing at Fujian Medical University Union Hospital in Fuzhou, China, and colleagues wrote in the study background. “Too long [a] siesta may decrease the sleep duration at night and affect the total sleep duration of people, indicating that the percentage of siesta in the total sleep duration may be associated with the risk of hypertension or CVD. Whether the ratio of siesta duration in the total sleep duration was associated with the occurrence of hypertension or CVD was still unclear.”

Sleep_clock_Adobe_132818449
Middle-aged and older adults who sleep less than 6 hours per day and take longer midday naps are more likely to develop hypertension and CVD, with slight variations for men vs. women.
Source: Adobe Stock

Longitudinal sleep data

Lin and colleagues analyzed data from 7,604 middle‐aged and older adults with sleep data and without hypertension or CVD at baseline, using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database, a nationally representative longitudinal survey conducted in mainland China between June 2011 and March 2012. Median follow-up was 6.5 years; participants were followed for up to 3 years with questionnaires, with follow-up discontinued when an outcome event (hypertension or CVD) was observed. Researchers assessed associations of siesta and siesta ratio with incidence of hypertension and CVD.

The findings were published in Clinical Cardiology.

At the end of follow-up, 2,075 participants had hypertension and 986 participants had CVD.

Researchers found that, compared with a sleep duration of 6 to 8 hours, total sleep duration of less than 6 hours was associated with increased risk for hypertension, with an OR of 1.168 (95% CI, 1.023-1.335). A siesta ratio of at least 0.4 was similarly associated with hypertension risk, with an OR of 1.712 (95% CI, 1.129-2.594).

Sex-based differences in sleep time, CV risk

Among men aged 60 years and older, a siesta ratio of at least 0.4 was associated with higher risk for hypertension, whereas a total sleep duration of less than 6 hours was correlated with elevated risk for hypertension in men younger than 60 years.

Participants with a siesta duration of less than 30 minutes were more likely to develop CVD (OR = 2.053; 95% CI, 1.323-3.185). Among women aged 60 years and older, a sleep duration of less than 6 hours at night was associated with increased risk of CVD, whereas a siesta duration of less than 30 minutes and sleep duration of less than 6 hours at night was associated with CVD risk among women younger than 60 years.

“A longer daytime nap may lead to the elevation of evening cortisol levels and then increase the blood pressure levels,” the researchers wrote. “A high ratio of siesta suggested a long duration of siesta and a shorter duration of the sleep at night. The mechanisms of these might be because a longer duration of siesta may result in insomnia or low quality of sleep at night. Increasing studies indicated that a better night sleep is essential for the health of people.”

The researchers noted that the findings might provide a reference for midday napping and total sleep duration in people aged 45 years and older and said longer sleep at night vs. midday napping may be recommended.

The findings follow similar research published in July in Hypertension. As Healio previously reported, adults who reported taking frequent daily naps had greater risk for essential hypertension and stroke compared with those who never or rarely nap, likely due to poor sleep at night.