Nelson Mandela: Aids campaigner


Nelson Mandela in October 2003
Like many others, Nelson Mandela did not at first realise the dangers of HIV

Though at first muted in his approach to the issues surrounding HIV/Aids, Nelson Mandela eventually became a dedicated and extremely effective advocate for a more vigorous approach to the disease.

When Mr Mandela was released from prison in February 1990, HIV/Aids had yet to make its full impact on South Africa.

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We are facing a silent and invisible enemy that is threatening the very fabric of our society”

Nelson Mandela

Following his election as president four years later, Mr Mandela faced huge challenges and – like so many other world leaders at the time – failed to fully understand the depth of the problem and did little to help those with Aids.

At the time, the African National Congress (ANC) was gripped by an ongoing debate about both the causes of, and treatment for, Aids.

Some figures, like Thabo Mbeki, Mr Mandela’s successor as president, openly questioned whether Aids was caused by HIV.

After Mr Mandela left office in 1999, he campaigned for more research into HIV/Aids, for education about safe sex and for better treatment for those affected. However, most South Africans still did not mention the disease in public.

Controversy within ANC

According to UN figures, the rate of HIV infection among adult South Africans rose from less than 1% in 1990 to about 17.9% by 2012.

Aids activists demonstrate outside the US consulate in Johannesburg - 17 June 2010South Africa has one of the highest HIV rates in the world

South Africa is currently home to more people with the virus than any other country – 6.1 million of its citizens were infected with HIV in 2012, including 410,000 children (aged 0-14), out of a population of just over 51 million.

The causes of an epidemic on this scale have been many – primarily poverty, but also economic migration, the poor status of women, and unsafe sexual practices, have all contributed to the rapid spread of the disease.

Apart from the human misery caused by Aids, its economic impact has been huge, with South African economic growth rates badly affected.

Having put the issue of Aids on the back burner when in office, Mr Mandela began to make strong pronouncements on the subject after he stepped down in 1999.

HIV/Aids in South Africa

  • People living with HIV: 6.1 million
  • Rate of infection in adults aged 15-49: 17.9%
  • Children aged 0-14 living with HIV: 410,000
  • Deaths due to Aids in 2012: 240,000
  • Orphans due to Aids aged 0-17: 2.5 million

Source: UNAids 2012

On World Aids Day in 2000, he sent out a hard-hitting message, saying: “Our country is facing a disaster of immeasurable proportions from HIV/Aids.

“We are facing a silent and invisible enemy that is threatening the very fabric of our society.

“Be faithful to one partner and use a condom… Give a child love, laughter and peace, not Aids.”

Mr Mandela said his country should promote abstinence, the use of condoms, early treatment, counselling and drugs to reduce mother-to-child transmission.

Urgency

At the time, there was a marked reluctance on the part of the South African government to fund anti-retroviral drugs for those with HIV.

Nelson Mandela with Makgatho (R) in 2003
Mr Mandela’s son, Makgatho (R) died from Aids-related illness in 2005

The then President Mbeki outraged many people when he told a US journalist that “personally, I don’t know anybody who has died of Aids” and that he did not know if he had ever met anyone infected with HIV.

One of his ministers suggested that people with HIV eat garlic and beetroot to combat the infection.

In November 2003, Mr Mandela – and his Nelson Mandela Foundation – stepped up the campaign, launching an HIV/Aids fundraising campaign called 46664, after his prison number on Robben Island.


Nelson Mandela

1918 Born in the Eastern Cape

1943 Joined African National Congress

1956 Charged with high treason, but charges dropped after a four-year trial

1962 Arrested, convicted of incitement and leaving country without a passport, sentenced to five years in prison

1964 Charged with sabotage, sentenced to life

1990 Freed from prison

1993 Wins Nobel Peace Prize

1994 Elected first black president

1999 Steps down as leader

2001 Diagnosed with prostate cancer

2004 Retires from public life

2010 Last major public appearance at football World Cup in Johannesburg

He compared the urgency and drama of his country’s struggle against HIV/Aids to the fight against apartheid.

Pop stars like Beyonce, Youssou N’Dour and Dave Stewart supported the campaign, and a star-studded concert, held in Cape Town in 2003, was seen by a worldwide television audience of two billion.

The money raised by Mr Mandela’s initiatives has been used to fund research projects and provide practical support for South Africans with HIV/Aids.

The campaign received a further boost in 2005, when Mr Mandela shocked the nation by announcing that his son, Makgatho, had died of Aids.

He urged people to talk about HIV/Aids “to make it appear like a normal illness”.

It was a significant move, which had a huge impact, said Michel Sidibe, head of the UN’s Aids agency Unaids.

“The country has become a leader in the Aids response because of Mr Mandela, and is moving towards an Aids-free generation thanks to his campaigning,” he said.

Mr Mandela also became a central figure in the African and global Aids movement, Mr Sidibe said.

“He was instrumental in laying the foundations of the modern Aids response and his influence helped save millions of lives and transformed health in Africa,” he said.

“He was a statesman who had Aids at the top of his agenda and he used his stature and presence on the global stage to persuade world leaders to act decisively on Aids. His legacy will be felt by generations.”

How do S Africans rate Mandela film?


South Africans are flocking to the cinemas to watch a film about their former President, Nelson Mandela. The movie Mandela: Long Walk To Freedom, starring British actor Idris Elba, is based on the former political prisoner’s autobiography of the same title and seems to be hitting the right notes.

I went to watch the epic 146-minute film in one of Johannesburg’s busiest economic hubs, Rosebank, and I found very few critics of the film among the general public.

Almost everyone I spoke to expressed their pleasant surprise at how well the film came across. A big thumbs-up for the lead actor, given that he is not South African, let alone not being Xhosa, Mr Mandela’s tribe. Some sang Elba’s praises because they felt that he got the accent right – not exactly like Mr Mandela, but close enough.

Part of the legacy of the apartheid system is that two decades since the introduction of democracy, the minds of South Africans are still very much defined along racial lines. So inevitably I must tell you what the white people thought and what the black majority said.

Mandela’s key dates

  • 1918: Born in the Eastern Cape
  • 1944: Joins African National Congress
  • 1962: Arrested, convicted of sabotage, sentenced to five years in prison
  • 1964: Charged again, sentenced to life
  • 1990: Freed from prison
  • 1993: Wins Nobel Peace Prize
  • 1994: Elected president
  • 1999: Steps down as leader
  • 2004: Retires from public life
  • 2010: Appears at football World Cup

In 1994, no-one thought we would still be talking about the colour of our skins in 2013 – especially considering the fact that we are just reviewing a film. However, that’s the reality of today’s South Africa.

Take Karabo Nkabinde, a teenage girl who can be best described as a born-free – the label attached to those who were born after the country was liberated from racial oppression and Nelson Mandela was elected president in the country’s first multi-racial election.

Clad in a fashionable small black hat and thick-framed spectacles, she told me that she had loved the film because it reminded her of the sacrifices Mr Mandela had endured.

“He’s actually been through a lot for us South Africans… for the youth and it is our job to make him proud,” she said.

Her friend Kgomotso Maloka, wearing a glamorous maroon lip gloss, said that she was pleased that, as a young black person, she could watch a film about Mr Mandela in a climate of peace where both black and white lived together in harmony.

“My favourite part was the ending, when he got freed and so did everybody else. Freed from fear and from the past! The movie is very touching and it could get you crying!” she said.

I then met a young white couple just as they walked out from Cinema One at Rosebank’s Ster Kinekor movie house holding hands. The man told me that he thought it was a very moving film which reminded him both of the liberation struggle and that there was still a long way to go to redress the imbalance of the past. They were shy to reveal their names.

After watching the film myself, I thought it was hard to squeeze such a rich life – including a 27-year prison sentence – into two hours without leaving out some key historical moments. And given that challenge, the film, in my view, captured the spirit of the man and his people in their desire to free themselves from the shackles of a brutal racist system.

While clearly the film was about Mandela the man, it also left me with a sense of the struggle of an entire people. When I asked a middle-aged white lady what she thought about the portrayal of the cigarette-smoking white men who ran the country under apartheid, she told me: “They were adequately portrayed, just as they were.”

Box-office records

I personally thought the death of Chris Hani ought to have been marked, even if it meant doing it with one single frame. I mention Chris Hani because his assassination on that fateful Saturday morning on 10 April 1993 delivered what is today celebrated as the nation’s biggest public holiday – Freedom Day on 27 April.

At the time of his death, Hani was the second most popular leader in the African National Congress after Nelson Mandela. He was shot by a Polish immigrant, Janusz Walus, in a killing ordered by right-wing politician Clive Derby-Lewis.

Nelson Mandela in a file photo from 2010
A film about an icon, but is it an iconic film?

They are both serving life sentences for killing Hani, with the sole purpose of starting a racial conflagration – something Mr Mandela prevented, and which was the primary reason he won the Nobel Peace Prize.

There were reports that, in some cinemas near Soweto, people took a day off work to watch the film. One cinema manager was quoted as saying that attendance was “unusually high”.

The film has broken box-office records for a non-holiday movie in South Africa, opening at number one.

However, even though it is about a much-loved figure like Mr Mandela, there has been some sharp criticism of Anant Singh’s production.

Writing in The Times, a national daily newspaper, Tymon Smith said: “If you want to really get to grips with the man though, you can do better by reading the books. One day someone will make a film that says something new and interesting about Mandela, but this is not that film and it seems a wasted opportunity rather than the fulfilment of a dream.

“It is also unfortunate that, because of all the power, money and influence behind it, all future films will have to struggle in its undeservedly long shadow.”

So, clearly not everybody is singing from the same hymn sheet. However, even Smith agrees in part that the actors are a class act: “The film certainly looks as good as any other epic and you can see the money on the screen.”

I should mention here the local cast of stars is also something that could not go unnoticed. Take the Walter Sisulu character, the man who recruited Nelson Mandela into the ANC, played by the talented Tony Kgoroge.

He was just brilliant alongside Elba and another British actor, Naomie Harris, who plays Winnie Mandela. And there are many other local talents like him in this biopic.

Considering that Mr Mandela is recuperating from a long illness at home just a few blocks away from the cinema, I was struck by the reality of it all. We have become accustomed to watching big Hollywood blockbusters on our local screens and listening to stories about others, so how refreshing it is to see characters of the very people I had drinks with just a week ago.

This story is not just about Mr Mandela but is a story of the people through the life of one man.

That’s what I take away from it. And with the current levels of poverty, inequality and unemployment which are in essence the legacy of apartheid, the story of the people continues where the film ends.

11 Lessons from Nelson Mandela.


Looking back on his 93 years, there are 11 lessons (from many) that I would like to share from his legacy which would help us make a small but positive mark in our society.

Nelson-Mandela-02-300x223

Here they are:

1. Determination in fighting for the right thing. Nelson Mandela’s fought against apartheid which was a struggle of more than 50 years from 1943 when he joined ANC to 1994 when South Africa became independent and he became president. Of these years, 27 were in prison.

2. Never sell out on your beliefs. Nelson Mandela while still serving in prison had repeated offers from the apartheid regime to accept release for independence in small portion of South Africa called the Transkei, from where he hailed from. He simply turned them all down.

3. Be ready to change your tactics. In 1960 Nelson Mandela together with other leaders set up the military wing of ANC. After being released from prison in 1990, Mandela would eventually renounce all armed tactics and once again resort to peaceful negotiations.

4. Know the facts. Mandela was an astute lawyer and during his incarceration, his jailers in the 1980s, repeatedly attempted to get him to renounce militarism; however he remained adamant in his belief that prisoners cannot enter into contracts – only free men can negotiate.

5. Admit our mistakes. In interviews later in life, Mandela admitted that the ANC had committed some human rights abuses and even criticized anyone who attempted to deny it.

6. Reconcile with your enemies. Nelson Mandela worked on the setting up the Truth & Reconciliation Commission.

7. Sharing with others. Mandela has shared his life in books and through post retirement charity organizations that work on ills affecting the world today.

8. Lead from the front. When the Springboks rugby team won the 1995 rugby world cup, Nelson Mandela presented the winner’s trophy to the Captain Francois Pienaar while wearing a replica of Pienaar’s no. 6 Springboks t-shirt. This was a symbol that served to further heal the very tangible racial tension, in South Africa.

9. Letting go. Nelson Mandela became President in 1994 and in 1999 chose not to run for a second term, yet he could have won by a landslide. He instead handed over to Thabo Mbeki.

10. Smile. Mandela is also known for his big smile when he is meeting with people all over the world.

11. Serve humbly. Graca Machel once said, “I found this simple man,” as she described him in 1998 just before they were married. Indeed his actions of “letting go” of a presidency, of forgiving his captors, serving tea to his guests, and many more are testament to the humility and person of Nelson Mandela.

If applied, these lessons would make the world a better place and for that may God bless Mandela and give him many more years to inspire us.

Source: http://wakeup-world.com