Day: 01/31/2011

Licochalcone A inhibits growth of gastric cancer cells by arresting cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis

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The aim of this study was to determine the anticancer effects of seven licorice compounds in MKN-28, AGS, and MKN-45 gastric cancer cells and human gastric epithelium immortalized cells. We also explored the mechanism of action of licochalcone A (LCA), the most cytotoxic licorice compound, by analyzing its influence on cell cycle progression and apoptosis. The results indicated that LCA was the most cytotoxic licorice compound of those tested, and it inhibited gastric cancer cells growth in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of approximately 40μM. LCA affected gastric cancer cell viability by blocking cell cycle progression at the G2/M transition and inducing apoptosis. LCA treatment increased the expression of Rb and decreased the expression of cyclin A, cyclin B and MDM2 in MKN-28, AGS and MKN-45 cell lines. In addition, LCA-induced apoptosis by its effects on the expression of PARP, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax. These data provide evidence that LCA has the potential to be used in the treatment of gastric cancer.

source: cancer letter

Nephrolithiasis-associated bone disease: pathogenesis and treatment options

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Nephrolithiasis remains a formidable health problem in the United States and worldwide. A very important but underaddressed area in nephrolithiasis is the accompanying bone disease. Epidemiologic studies have shown that osteoporotic fractures occur more frequently in patients with nephrolithiasis than in the general population. Decreased bone mineral density and defects in bone remodeling are commonly encountered in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis. The pathophysiologic connection of bone defects to kidney stones is unknown. Hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia are two important risk factors for stone disease, and treatments with thiazide diuretics and alkali, respectively, have been shown to be useful in preventing stone recurrence in small prospective trials. However, no studies have examined the efficacy of these agents or other therapies in preventing continued bone loss in calcium stone formers. This manuscript reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and potential treatments of bone disease in patients with nephrolithiasis.

source: nature kidney

 

Nanocrystals seed calcification in more ways than one

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Although much progress has been made in the past five years in understanding the mechanisms leading to accelerated vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease, it remains unclear how an environment high in phosphate can impinge so significantly on the calcification process. The study by Sage et al. highlights an important and novel role for calcium phosphate nanocrystals, produced in a high-phosphate environment, in rapidly driving calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells via enhanced production of bone morphogenetic protein-2.

source: nature kidney

Abnormal circadian blood pressure pattern 1%-year after kidney transplantation is associated with subsequent lower glomerular filtration rate in recipients without rejection

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Abnormal circadian blood pressure (BP) pattern is common after kidney transplantation but its relationship to long term allograft function is unclear. Of 119 kidney recipients who had ambulatory BP monitoring 1 year from transplantation, 36 patients without history of rejection were selected. Twenty-nine recipients were followed for 4 years and seven for 3 years. Iothalamate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was obtained at 3 weeks then annually. Dippers (n = 10) had day-night systolic BP (SBP) drop (ΔSBP) of ≥10%, nondippers (n = 15) had ΔSBP 0–9%, whereas reverse dippers (n = 11) had nocturnal rise in SBP. Compared with dippers, reverse and nondippers had a higher Banff cv score at 1 year (P = .03), lower GFR at last follow-up (73.7 ± 18.1, 55.7 ± 16.3, and 56.6 ± 21 mL/min/1.73 m2 for dippers, non-, and reverse dippers, respectively, P = .05) and higher kidney function loss (8.0 ± 20, −9 ± 17, and 1 ± 14 mL/min/1.73 m2 for dippers, non-, and reverse dippers, respectively, P = .02). GFR at 4 years and at last follow-up independently correlated with ΔSBP at 1 year (r = 0.46, P = .01; r = 0.34, P = .03). The current study indicates that abnormal circadian BP pattern at 1 year identifies a group of kidney recipients at risk for increased kidney function loss and lower GFR 3–4 years from transplantation.

source: science direct

Menveo®

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Novartis announced today that it received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the use of

Novartis announced today that it received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the use of Menveo® (Meningococcal [Groups A, C, Y and W-135] Oligosaccharide Diphtheria CRM197 Conjugate Vaccine) for active immunization to prevent invasive meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, Y and W-135 in individuals 2 to 10 years of age[1]. Menveo received initial FDA approval in 2010 for use in adolescents and adults from 11 to 55 years of age[1].         

The FDA approval of Menveo for use in children 2 to 10 years of age is based on Phase III trial data involving 5,297 participants in that age group. In the pivotal trial, the safety and immunogenicity of Menveo against each of the four serogroups were compared with those of the other currently US-licensed ACW-135Y meningococcal conjugate vaccine[1]. Novartis also agreed to conduct three post marketing studies.

Separately, Novartis received a Refuse To File (RTF) letter from the FDA regarding the Company’s supplemental Biologics License Application (sBLA) for the use of Menveo in infants from 2 to 12 months. The sBLA had been submitted to the FDA in November 2010. Novartis plans to resubmit a sBLA in 2011 for the expanded use of Menveo in infants and toddlers from 2 months to 2 years old.

“The approval of Menveo for the use in children 2-10 years of age is another important step towards our goal to protect people of all ages against this devastating disease,” said Andrin Oswald, Division Head of Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics. “The response from the FDA on our Menveo infant file is disappointing. We believe that concerns raised are of procedural nature and plan to resubmit the sBLA within the next few months. This will also provide us with an opportunity to supplement the file with additional clinical data that support expanded use of Menveo in infants and toddlers from 2 months to 2 years old.”

About Menveo
As of January 2011, Menveo is registered in more than 40 countries for active immunization to prevent invasive meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y in people from 11 years of age. Menveo has been administered to more than 18,500 participants in clinical trials across all age groups worldwide, and studies are ongoing in infants, toddlers, adolescents and adults[2]. Menveo received initial FDA licensure in May 2010 for use in adolescents and adults (11 to 55 years of age)[1]. Pivotal phase III data presented in October 2010 at the 48th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) showed that Menveo induced immune responses in a high percentage of infants against four important meningococcal disease-causing serogroups (A, C, Y and W-135)[2].

In the EU, Menveo is known as Meningococcal Group A, C, W135 and Y Conjugate Vaccine. Novartis Vaccines plans to submit additional data to the European Medicines Agency to support the use of Menveo in infants and children 0 to 10 years of age in the first half of 2011. The label extension for use in children 2 to 10 years of age has already been submitted in Canada[2].

Important Safety Information
Menveo should not be administered to individuals with known hypersensitivity to any component of Menveo or other meningococcal vaccines, or other vaccines containing derivatives of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Because of the risk of hematoma, Menveo should not be administered to individuals with any bleeding disorder, such as hemophilia or thrombocytopenia, nor to persons receiving anticoagulant therapy, unless the potential benefit outweighs the risk of administration. Menveo should not be administered to people who have an acute severe febrile illness, although a mild fever of short duration is not a contraindication. Due to the absence of supporting data, the decision to administer Menveo to pregnant women should be evaluated according to the risk of meningococcal infection.

The most common local adverse reactions to Menveo include injection site pain, erythema, and induration. The most common systemic adverse reactions include headache, myalgia, malaise, nausea, arthralgia, chills, rash and fever. Some reactions may be severe.

Vaccination with Menveo may not protect all individuals. Patients who are immunocompromised or receiving immunosuppressive therapy may have an inadequate response to vaccination.

® (Meningococcal [Groups A, C, Y and W-135] Oligosaccharide Diphtheria CRM197 Conjugate Vaccine) for active immunization to prevent invasive meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, Y and W-135 in individuals 2 to 10 years of age[1]. Menveo received initial FDA approval in 2010 for use in adolescents and adults from 11 to 55 years of age[1].         

The FDA approval of Menveo for use in children 2 to 10 years of age is based on Phase III trial data involving 5,297 participants in that age group. In the pivotal trial, the safety and immunogenicity of Menveo against each of the four serogroups were compared with those of the other currently US-licensed ACW-135Y meningococcal conjugate vaccine[1]. Novartis also agreed to conduct three post marketing studies.

Separately, Novartis received a Refuse To File (RTF) letter from the FDA regarding the Company’s supplemental Biologics License Application (sBLA) for the use of Menveo in infants from 2 to 12 months. The sBLA had been submitted to the FDA in November 2010. Novartis plans to resubmit a sBLA in 2011 for the expanded use of Menveo in infants and toddlers from 2 months to 2 years old.

“The approval of Menveo for the use in children 2-10 years of age is another important step towards our goal to protect people of all ages against this devastating disease,” said Andrin Oswald, Division Head of Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics. “The response from the FDA on our Menveo infant file is disappointing. We believe that concerns raised are of procedural nature and plan to resubmit the sBLA within the next few months. This will also provide us with an opportunity to supplement the file with additional clinical data that support expanded use of Menveo in infants and toddlers from 2 months to 2 years old.”

About Menveo
As of January 2011, Menveo is registered in more than 40 countries for active immunization to prevent invasive meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y in people from 11 years of age. Menveo has been administered to more than 18,500 participants in clinical trials across all age groups worldwide, and studies are ongoing in infants, toddlers, adolescents and adults[2]. Menveo received initial FDA licensure in May 2010 for use in adolescents and adults (11 to 55 years of age)[1]. Pivotal phase III data presented in October 2010 at the 48th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) showed that Menveo induced immune responses in a high percentage of infants against four important meningococcal disease-causing serogroups (A, C, Y and W-135)[2].

In the EU, Menveo is known as Meningococcal Group A, C, W135 and Y Conjugate Vaccine. Novartis Vaccines plans to submit additional data to the European Medicines Agency to support the use of Menveo in infants and children 0 to 10 years of age in the first half of 2011. The label extension for use in children 2 to 10 years of age has already been submitted in Canada[2].

Important Safety Information
Menveo should not be administered to individuals with known hypersensitivity to any component of Menveo or other meningococcal vaccines, or other vaccines containing derivatives of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Because of the risk of hematoma, Menveo should not be administered to individuals with any bleeding disorder, such as hemophilia or thrombocytopenia, nor to persons receiving anticoagulant therapy, unless the potential benefit outweighs the risk of administration. Menveo should not be administered to people who have an acute severe febrile illness, although a mild fever of short duration is not a contraindication. Due to the absence of supporting data, the decision to administer Menveo to pregnant women should be evaluated according to the risk of meningococcal infection.

The most common local adverse reactions to Menveo include injection site pain, erythema, and induration. The most common systemic adverse reactions include headache, myalgia, malaise, nausea, arthralgia, chills, rash and fever. Some reactions may be severe.

Vaccination with Menveo may not protect all individuals. Patients who are immunocompromised or receiving immunosuppressive therapy may have an inadequate response to vaccination.

source: novartis release